'The Possibilities and Advantages of
Building Floating Constructions'
Dynamics in the vertical plane
Water storage is not static. Depending on weather, season or extreme water fluctuations, the storage system will have to accommodate smaller or larger amounts of water. In the vertical plane, the dynamic neighborhood is designed to cope with fluctuations of the water level. These fluctuations are caused by either natural circumstances, such as excess rainfall, or water being deliberately pumped into the watercell from other districts when the water levels are high. The different fluctuations obviously result in their own fluctuation domains. This means that during a rise of 5 centimeters a smaller area will be flooded than during a 50-cm rise of the water level. The frequency of the fluctuation influences the choice of the dwelling. A floating dwelling constantly needs water, whereas a terp dwelling is suitable for a fluctuation of 50 centimeters occurring once every 10 years.
Dynamics in the horizontal plane
Floating constructions also allow functions to be moved. In Delft this already happens in the form of floating terraces, providing additional space for restaurants near the canal side. During summer these terraces are towed into the city, and then removed after the end of the season. In addition to catering or recreational functions, a mobile floating infrastructure provides space for other common public or temporary functions such as schools, parking facilities, building utilities, sales offices and shops. The use of these functions is dependent on demographics and culturally determined demands and wishes of the users. Experience teaches us that both the cultural as well as the demographic composition of neighborhoods change during decennia. A traditionally built neighborhood on land responds to this by demolition, renovation and restructuring. As a result of the relatively easy possibilities of disconnecting floating constructions from their locations, extra possibilities emerge to cope with both these predictable as well as unpredictable changes in the neighborhood by building on water.
Advantages
During construction the building location can float along with the growing water district. A primary school can be replaced by a high school in case pupil numbers are insufficient, relocating the primary school within the urban configuration. Floating roads can provide temporary access over the water during construction or maintenance in a neighborhood. Shopping malls can either grown and regroup or be moved to new locations. This means an unheard-of flexibility, which would be much more difficult to achieve on land.
Conclusion
Space for water and space for living can be perfectly combined. Because of vertical and horizontal freedom the spatial experience in the water-based neighborhoods will stay dynamic. Terms such as "real estate" and "movable property," however, will acquire a completely new meaning.
Living on water has attracted a lot of attention the last few years. Coping with fluctuations in water level has become a central theme in spatial developments. This challenge has proven to be a driving force behind the development of water-based architecture.
Living on water, in a nutshell
In Holland people have lived on the water for over 100 years. The
first types of water-homes were ships that were transformed into
houses. After that people started building houses on concrete boxes --
these were the first houseboats. Over the last five years, the modern
water villa has become more popular; this construction is equal
to/resembles a house you can find on land, but it has a full-fledged
stable floating foundation. This foundation has been the base for a
completely new spectrum of floating housing typologies with high
densities, such as semi-detached houses, urban villas, and terrace
houses complete with a garden and road. Technically it is now even
possible to make very large floating foundations on which virtually any
large-scale developments can take place. Developers in the Netherlands
are already including floating apartment complexes or high-rise
buildings in their developments.
In Dutch newly built living areas, there is hardly enough room to realize the required amount of houses according to the regulations and criteria for water storage. Due to the regulations and criteria for water storage in the Netherlands, there is hardly enough. The new floating foundations and parcels give designers the opportunity to also use the water as a building plot. This allows for a higher density and more space per house, because the building plot is much bigger by also using the water storage areas. The new floating neighborhoods will be dynamic neighborhoods, in both a horizontal as well as a vertical sense.
